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Cyrtandra calpidicarpa

(Rock) H.St.John & Storey (1950)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 1–4 m tall.

Stems: Stems unbranched or few–branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Whorled 3–4 per node, rarely opposite, borne on upper 3–8 nodes. Leaves at a node unequal to subequal, symmetrical or nearly so. Blades narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 9–28 cm long, (1.3–)2–6.3 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base attenuate. Upper surfaces glabrous except for the sparsely pilose midrib; lower surfaces sparsely pilose especially along the veins; blades thin or sometimes thick, chartaceous. Margins serrulate to subentire, occasionally serrate in upper 1⁄2. Upper surface with scarcely impressed veins, lower surface with scarcely raised veins. Petioles 1–6.2 cm long, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–3 in sometimes compound cymes arising in the leaf axils, sparsely brown pilose throughout, peduncles slender, 1–3(–9) mm long, pedicels 3–8 mm long, bracts foliaceous, elliptic, 18–41 mm long, connate 1⁄2 their length but divided deeper on inner side, each one sometimes 2-lobed, deciduous after anthesis. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx zygomorphic, narrowly fusiform in bud; tipped by a beak 10–17 mm long, in anthesis pale green, thin, splitting along 1 suture, 23–40 mm long, deciduous after anthesis, tube spathaceous,12–17 mm long, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, occasionally shaggy dark brown pilose within, deciduous or persistent in fruit, upper 3 lobes 13–21 mm long, tardily separating, lower 2 lobes 6–15 mm long, tardily separating. Corolla usually bilabiate, white, usually fleshy, campanulate to salverform, tube subcylindrical, curved near the middle, 20–31mm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter medially, glabrous, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, upper lobes broadly elliptic, 6.5–8 mm long, 5.5–6 mm wide, lower lobes broadly elliptic, 8–17 mm long, 6–11 mm wide, lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, glabrous, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, pubescent or glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style 13–15 mm long, with a few scattered hairs; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; subcylindrical; curved; 3–10 cm long; glabrous; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; 0.25–0.35 mm long; glabrous; the surface reticulate; endosperm present or absent.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in disturbed mesic valleys.

Elevation Range: 120–600 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Occas. Pap. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. 20: 81 (1950)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:749 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, head of valley, base of cliffs talus rubble Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2402 Oahu BISH 1985-08-17
2 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Forest Reserve, Koolau Mts Along stream in Waikane Valley. In shade of Albieza. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 6' high. Leaves in whorls of 4; ellipticoblanceolate; 17cm longx 4cm wide' petioles to 6 cm long; margins serrate; dark green above, light below; veins wirh puberulous. Flowers in cymes, axillary; calxy a funnel splitting longitudinally on distal side. Spence, G. 54 Oahu BISH 1972-05-06
3 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, Castle trail Psidium, Aleurites Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1794 Oahu BISH 1984-10-28
4 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, Koolau Mts., Castle trail steep wet slope Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub, immature fruit Fosberg, F.R. 12960 Oahu BISH 1936-03-01
5 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Mts., Castle trail gulch Preserved_Specimen leaves in whorls of mostly 4 Wagner, W.L. 5633 Oahu BISH 1985-09-08
6 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Castle trail, Koolau Range, Kaulani on open hillside On open hillside Preserved_Specimen About 7 ft high. Kanawao Keo Keo Nakata, S. 30 Oahu BISH 1945-10-21
7 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, top of waterfall Psidium guajava, Pisonia umbellifera Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2398 Oahu BISH 1985-08-17
8 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Range, Punaluu, Castle Trail In shaded gulch Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. tall. St.John, H. 22694 Oahu BISH 1947-07-27
9 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Exceedingly steep slopes above Waikane Camp on Waikane Stream, Koolau Range, 2.4 miles due west from Waikane on Pacific Ocean On slippery wet clay, in secondary forest of Albizia and other planted introductions, and with Metrosideros collina, Aleurites, Cibotium (3 spp.), Cyrtandra spp., Straussia, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Ardisia crispa and Solanum auriculatum (S. carterianum Rock, a supposed Hawaiian endemic) and inpenetrable thickets of Gleichenia. Preserved_Specimen Fls. white 1 diam. herb. 1 m very juicy, in dense shade on wet steep slope. Iltis, H.H. 322 Oahu BISH 1967-07-17
10 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Valley Waterfall Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1093 Oahu BISH 1909-01-17
11 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane ditch trail base of eroding basalt faces Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1886 Oahu BISH 1984-12-17
12 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, Koolau Mts., Castle trail forest Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; fruit white; leaves whitish beneath St.John, H. 20114 Oahu BISH 1940-11-03
13 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waihee Valley, S ridge moist forest Preserved_Specimen 4 m x 5 cm shrub; leaves thick chartaceous, above dark green, below whitish green, bracts united, flower white St.John, H. 20235 Oahu BISH 1941-05-11
14 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Makua Gulch, Hauula, Koolauloa, Koolau Mts side of ravine; with Eugenia malaccensis, Charpentiera Preserved_Specimen 1.5-2 m shrub; flowers solitary; calyx 35-40 mm, terminating in a horn 13 mm long; berry cylindric, 5-6 cm long Nagata, K.M. 2560 Oahu BISH 1982-11-13
15 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Range, along Castle trail Growing in moist area. Preserved_Specimen Common. Herat, T. 504 Oahu BISH 1973-08-23
16 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane, Schofield trail, Koolau Mts wet; Aleurites, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub St.John, H. 24711 Oahu BISH 1951-12-02
17 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Castle Trail in Punaluu Valley, Koolau Mts Dense woods. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 137 Oahu BISH 1931-07-04
18 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, Castle trail steep slope; guava, kukui Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1789 Oahu BISH 1984-10-28
19 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, top of waterfall Psidium guajava, Pisonia umbellifera Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2398 Oahu BISH 1985-08-17
20 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Castle Trail in Punaluu Valley, Koolau Mts Growing on edge of trail. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 124 Oahu BISH 1931-01-11
21 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane ditch trail, Puu Ohulihuli rubble slope Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2015 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
22 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koloa gulch talus slope; dense kukui Preserved_Specimen in fruit Takeuchi, W.N. 1773 Oahu BISH 1984-10-01
23 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Hidden Valley directly behind Kaaawa. Makai side of the small stream that runs throught the center of the valley The valley, at this elevation is an abandoned Hawaiian garden in which banana, kava, taro, yam, Touchardia, Boehmeria, and Pipturus are still growing. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 139 Oahu BISH 1980-10-19
24 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waihee Valley, head of NW gulch moist, wooded Preserved_Specimen 2-4 m shrub; leaves thick chartacous, above green, below whitish green; flower white St.John, H. 20249 Oahu BISH 1941-06-01
25 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, Castle trail steep slope; guava, kukui Preserved_Specimen 5'; immature fruit Takeuchi, W.N. 1793 Oahu BISH 1984-10-28
26 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Valley Waterfall Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1093 Oahu BISH 1909-01-17
27 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Range, Punaluu, Castle Trail In shaded gulch Preserved_Specimen Shrub 2 m. tall. St.John, H. 22694 Oahu BISH 1947-07-27
28 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane ditch trail, near Kahana divide slope; Clidemia, Touchardia Preserved_Specimen 8 ft. Takeuchi, W.N. 2018 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
29 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, Castle trail wet gully Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1788 Oahu BISH 1984-10-28
30 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane ditch trail, near Kahana divide slope; Clidemia, Touchardia Preserved_Specimen 8 ft. Takeuchi, W.N. 2018 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
31 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koloa, near streambed rubble-strewn incline at base of cliffs Preserved_Specimen shrub; pale, chartaceous foliage Takeuchi, W.N. 2936 Oahu BISH 1986-10-26
32 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koloa, near streambed rubble-strewn incline at base of cliffs Preserved_Specimen shrub; pale, chartaceous foliage Takeuchi, W.N. 2936 Oahu BISH 1986-10-26
33 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Mts., Waikane Valley Albizia, Diospyros Preserved_Specimen to 1 m shrub; leaves and immature fruit light green; flowers white van Royen, P. 10140 Oahu BISH 1967-07-17
34 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane ditch trail, near Kahana divide slope; Clidemia, Touchardia Preserved_Specimen 8 ft. Takeuchi, W.N. 2018 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
35 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa N Kahaluu Valley, Koolau Mts., small gulch moist forest Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub, flowers white Fosberg, F.R. 12196 Oahu BISH 1935-07-04
36 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, head of valley Clidemia, Trema cannabina Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2404 Oahu BISH 1985-08-17
37 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Kahana ditch trail, Puu Ohulehule Psidium, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2021 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
38 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, head of valley, base of cliffs Boehmeria, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2403 Oahu BISH 1985-08-17
39 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Mts., Castle trail forest Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5627 Oahu BISH 1985-09-08
40 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa head of Punaluu valley, streambed Clidemia Preserved_Specimen 7 ft. Takeuchi, W.N. 2394 Oahu BISH 1985-08-17
41 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Along Castle Trail in Punaluu Valley, Koolau Mts In woods. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 187 Oahu BISH 1932-05-08
42 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Valley Trail, beyond end of road in from hwy. 83 at Waiahole, near Waiahole River Plants growing on talus slope above dry stream bed. Growing with Psidium. Preserved_Specimen Plants 1-3 m tall. Berries long, greenish-white, resembling wax-beans. Skog, L. 7008 Oahu BISH 1986-01-09
43 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Kahana ditch trail, Puu Ohulehule Psidium, Clidemia Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2021 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
44 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Valley Trail, beyond end of road in from hwy. 83 at Waiahole, near Waiahole River Plants growing on talus slope above dry stream bed. Growing with Psidium. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 1-2 m tall. Corolla white, calyx lobes joined at apex into a hood. Berries pearl white. Skog, L. 7006 Oahu BISH 1986-01-09
45 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane Ditch trail Albizia, Aleurites, Touchardia Preserved_Specimen fertile Takeuchi, W.N. 1885 Oahu BISH 1984-12-17
46 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, head of valley Clidemia, Trema cannabina Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2404 Oahu BISH 1985-08-17
47 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolauloa District: Waiahole Forest Reserve, Hidden Valley, above Kaaawa, between Kahana and Maakua and below Puumanamana Wet lowland windward Forest. Metrosideros, Hibiscus arnottianus subsp. punaluuensis, Cyrtandra propinqua, C. hawaiensis, C. calpidicarpa, Thuidium cymbifolium, Peperomia oahuensis, P. membranacea, Adiantum raddianum, Adenostema Preserved_Specimen Twice branched near base. 5 ft tall. Flowers from the trunk and fruit near the base. Long peduncles. Leaves whorled. Fruit long cylindrical and peduncles down-curved. Tangalin, N. 3760 Oahu BISH 2014-04-17
48 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts In dark gully off main stream. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 216 Oahu BISH 1932-11-13
49 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolauloa District, Castle Trail In wet region; associated with Cyrtandra, Touchardia, Metrosideros, Pipturus, Clermontia, Scaevola. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1155 Oahu BISH 1968-06-20
50 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waianu mauka colluvial slope Preserved_Specimen small shrub Takeuchi, W.N. Oahu BISH 1985-11-01
51 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane-Schofield Trail, Kahana, Koolau Range Moist Metrosideros Forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 m x 2 cm. Flower white, fruit white. Kanawau Keo Keo Haramoto, F.H. Oahu BISH 1951-12-02
52 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Kaluanui, divide with Punaluu wet forest Preserved_Specimen whorled by 4's at nodes Takeuchi, W.N. 3926 Oahu BISH 1988-07-31
53 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Hidden Valley, Kaaawa, Koolau Mts Musa, Aleurites, Pipturus Preserved_Specimen 2 m shrub; fruit white, cylindric, 52x14 mm Nagata, K.M. 2179 Oahu BISH 1980-10-09
54 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Laie trail, Kahawainui gulch near stream; Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25959 Oahu BISH 1956-03-25
55 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Kaluanui, divide with Punaluu, N channel at dike sheer kukui, mountain apple Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3920 Oahu BISH 1988-07-31
56 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Mts., Waikane Valley Albizia, Diospyros Preserved_Specimen to 1 m shrub; leaves and immature fruit light green; flowers white van Royen, P. 10140 Oahu BISH 1967-07-17
57 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane ditch trail, Puu Ohulihuli rubble slope Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2015 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
58 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Mts., Hidden Valley above Kaaawa, Nr main stream fork Stream banks with Cyrtandra propinqua. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 6 ft Fl & Fr, Long thin fruits Perlman, S. 5416 Oahu BISH 1987-03-08
59 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Mts., Castle trail forest Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5627 Oahu BISH 1985-09-08
60 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1093 Oahu BISH 1909-01-17
61 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Kipapa Gulch Preserved_Specimen Bush. Hume, E.P. 100 Oahu BISH 1931-02-15
62 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Koolau Mts., Punaluu Preserved_Specimen Selling, O. 3673 Oahu BISH 1938-09-27
63 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Hidden Valley Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 155 Oahu BISH 1981-05-22
64 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu Valley along Castle tail, Koolau Mts In small ravine. Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 250 Oahu BISH 1934-04-29
65 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Punaluu, Castle trail wet gully Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1788 Oahu BISH 1984-10-28
66 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane-Schofield Trail, Kahana, Koolau Range On rocky wet ridge. Preserved_Specimen Wong, C.C.Y. Oahu BISH 1941-05-18
67 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Field trip to Punaluu, Castle Trail. From Punaluu to Kaluanui Valley and streams on East side of Northern Koolaus Preserved_Specimen Very light glaucous; fruit; flower. Stone, B.C. 1448 Oahu BISH 1956-11-25
68 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane Ditch Trail, Koolau Mts Preserved_Specimen Storey, W.B. 275 Oahu BISH 1934-04-01
69 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane Schofield Trail, Koolau Range Preserved_Specimen Fls. glaucous white. Large flaring corolla limb. Cowan, R.S. 46 Oahu BISH 1946-09-22
70 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole valley, gully between Waianu and Uwau streams Preserved_Specimen leaning shrub, 4' long stem Takeuchi, W.N. 1869 Oahu BISH 1984-12-02
71 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Ditch Trail, side gully, flume 26 Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1255 Oahu BISH 1956-04-29
72 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Valley, wall of mountain, side of waterfall Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1096 Oahu BISH 1909-01-17
73 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Hidden Valley Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. 155 Oahu BISH 1981-05-22
74 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22694 Oahu BISH
75 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waikane-Schofield Trail Preserved_Specimen Suehiro, A. Oahu BISH 1932-10-16
76 Cyrtandra calpidicarpa Waiahole Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1919-12-01
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